L.4.6 3D方面¶
3D Aspects
L.4.6.1 介绍¶
DrawingML 的这一方面主要处理 3D 方面，可以分为两个主题：与对象关联的 3D 属性，以及与对象关联的样式信息。
Introduction
This aspect of DrawingML deals mainly with the 3-D aspects, and can be broken down into two topics: 3-D properties associated with an object, and the styling information associated with an object.
L.4.6.2 3-D¶
Here we'll explain the 3-D definitions contained in DrawingML. The goal here is to define a 3-D scene so that lighting calculations can be made on the geometry within the scene.
3-D
Here we'll explain the 3-D definitions contained in DrawingML. The goal here is to define a 3-D scene so that lighting calculations can be made on the geometry within the scene.
L.4.6.2.1 3-D Scene¶
Every 3-D scene consists of a camera, a light, and a backdrop, that define the associated properties of the scene. The complex type, CT_Scene3D, defines the scene as follows:
<xsd:complexType name="CT_Scene3D" oxsd:cname="Scene3D">
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="camera" type="CT_Camera" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" />
<xsd:element name="lightRig" type="CT_Backdrop" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />
<xsd:element name="ext" type="CT_OfficeArtExtension" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
As was stated above, the complex type, CT_Scene3D, contains a camera, a set of lights (the light rig), and a backdrop. Those familiar with 3-D rendering techniques understand the usage of a camera and set of lights, or light rig. The backdrop, however, is a special structure (which is defined below) that allows for a special plane to render certain effects that need to be rendered together in a single plane. The final element of a CT_Scene3D is the ext element. This is a DrawingML structure used for future extensibility. This element is seen in other complex types dealing with the 3-D scene as well.
3-D Scene
Every 3-D scene consists of a camera, a light, and a backdrop, that define the associated properties of the scene. The complex type, CT_Scene3D, defines the scene as follows:
<xsd:complexType name="CT_Scene3D" oxsd:cname="Scene3D">
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="camera" type="CT_Camera" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" />
<xsd:element name="lightRig" type="CT_Backdrop" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />
<xsd:element name="ext" type="CT_OfficeArtExtension" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
As was stated above, the complex type, CT_Scene3D, contains a camera, a set of lights (the light rig), and a backdrop. Those familiar with 3-D rendering techniques understand the usage of a camera and set of lights, or light rig. The backdrop, however, is a special structure (which is defined below) that allows for a special plane to render certain effects that need to be rendered together in a single plane. The final element of a CT_Scene3D is the ext element. This is a DrawingML structure used for future extensibility. This element is seen in other complex types dealing with the 3-D scene as well.
L.4.6.2.2 Camera¶
The complex type, CT_Camera, defines a camera within the 3-D scene. A camera is based on a preset, with an optional rotation, field-of-view, and zoom, which all act as overrides for the preset values. A camera is defined in the following way:
<xsd:complexType name="CT_Camera">
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="rot" type="CT_SphereCoords" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" oxsd:dataStructure="optional" />
</xsd:sequence>
<xsd:attribute name="prst" type="ST_PresetCameraType" use="required" />
<xsd:attribute name="fov" type="ST_FOVAngle" use="optional" />
<xsd:attribute name="zoom" type="ST_PositivePercentage" use="optional" default="100%" />
</xsd:complexType>
The only complex type contained in the camera, CT_SphereCoords, is a complex type defined elsewhere within the DrawingML. There are three simple types associated with a camera:
- ST_FOVAngle (field of view angle), which is a positive angle between 0 and 180 in 60,000th of a degree.
- ST_PositivePercentage (zoom), which is defined as a percentage.
- ST_PresentCameraType (preset camera)
Figure 1 below shows some different presets applied to a shape.
Figure 7: Different default cameras applied to a shape
The available options for ST_PresetCameraType are as follows:
legacyObliqueTopLeft
legacyObliqueTop
legacyObliqueLeft
legacyObliqueFront
legacyObliqueRight
legacyObliqueBottomLeft
legacyObliqueBottom
legacyObliqueBottomRight
legacyPerspectiveTopLeft
legacyPerspectiveTop
legacyPerspectiveTopRight
legacyPerspectiveLeft
legacyPerspectiveFront
legacyPerspectiveRight
legacyPerspectiveBottomLeft
legacyPerspectiveBottom
legacyPerspectiveBottomRight
orthographicFront
isomentricTopUp
isometricTopDown
isomentricBottomDown
isometricLeftUp
isometricLeftDown
isometricRightUp
isometricRightDown
isometricOffAxis1Left
isometricOffAxis1Right
isometricOffAxis1Top
isometricOffAxis2Left
isometricOffAxis2Right
isometricOffAxis2Top
isometricOffAxis3Left
isometricOffAxis3Right
isometricOffAxis3Bottom
isometricOffAxis4Left
isometricOffAxis4Right
isometricOffAxis4Bottom
obliqueTopLeft
obliqueTopRight
obliqueLeft
obliqueRight
obliqueBottomLeft
obliqueBottom
obliqueBottomRight
perspectiveFront
perspectiveLeft
perspectiveRight
perspectiveAbove
perspectiveBelow
perspectiveAboveLeftFacing
perspectiveAboveRightFacing
perspectiveContrastingRightFacing
perspectiveContrastingLeftFacing
perspectiveHeroicLeftFacing
perspectiveHeroicRightFacing
perspectiveHeroicExtremeLeftFacing
perspectiveHeroicExtremeRightFacing
perspectiveRelaxed
perspectiveRelaxedModerately
Camera
The complex type, CT_Camera, defines a camera within the 3-D scene. A camera is based on a preset, with an optional rotation, field-of-view, and zoom, which all act as overrides for the preset values. A camera is defined in the following way:
<xsd:complexType name="CT_Camera">
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="rot" type="CT_SphereCoords" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" oxsd:dataStructure="optional" />
</xsd:sequence>
<xsd:attribute name="prst" type="ST_PresetCameraType" use="required" />
<xsd:attribute name="fov" type="ST_FOVAngle" use="optional" />
<xsd:attribute name="zoom" type="ST_PositivePercentage" use="optional" default="100%" />
</xsd:complexType>
The only complex type contained in the camera, CT_SphereCoords, is a complex type defined elsewhere within the DrawingML. There are three simple types associated with a camera:
- ST_FOVAngle (field of view angle), which is a positive angle between 0 and 180 in 60,000th of a degree.
- ST_PositivePercentage (zoom), which is defined as a percentage.
- ST_PresentCameraType (preset camera)
Figure 1 below shows some different presets applied to a shape.
Figure 7: Different default cameras applied to a shape
The available options for ST_PresetCameraType are as follows:
legacyObliqueTopLeft
legacyObliqueTop
legacyObliqueLeft
legacyObliqueFront
legacyObliqueRight
legacyObliqueBottomLeft
legacyObliqueBottom
legacyObliqueBottomRight
legacyPerspectiveTopLeft
legacyPerspectiveTop
legacyPerspectiveTopRight
legacyPerspectiveLeft
legacyPerspectiveFront
legacyPerspectiveRight
legacyPerspectiveBottomLeft
legacyPerspectiveBottom
legacyPerspectiveBottomRight
orthographicFront
isomentricTopUp
isometricTopDown
isomentricBottomDown
isometricLeftUp
isometricLeftDown
isometricRightUp
isometricRightDown
isometricOffAxis1Left
isometricOffAxis1Right
isometricOffAxis1Top
isometricOffAxis2Left
isometricOffAxis2Right
isometricOffAxis2Top
isometricOffAxis3Left
isometricOffAxis3Right
isometricOffAxis3Bottom
isometricOffAxis4Left
isometricOffAxis4Right
isometricOffAxis4Bottom
obliqueTopLeft
obliqueTopRight
obliqueLeft
obliqueRight
obliqueBottomLeft
obliqueBottom
obliqueBottomRight
perspectiveFront
perspectiveLeft
perspectiveRight
perspectiveAbove
perspectiveBelow
perspectiveAboveLeftFacing
perspectiveAboveRightFacing
perspectiveContrastingRightFacing
perspectiveContrastingLeftFacing
perspectiveHeroicLeftFacing
perspectiveHeroicRightFacing
perspectiveHeroicExtremeLeftFacing
perspectiveHeroicExtremeRightFacing
perspectiveRelaxed
perspectiveRelaxedModerately
L.4.6.2.3 Light¶
The complex type, CT_LightRig, defines the lighting of the scene. A light rig consists of a preset direction, preset rig type, and a rotation that serves as an override for the direction. The complex type is defined as:
<xsd:complexType name="CT_LightRig">
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="rot" type="CT_SphereCoords" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />
</xsd:sequence>
<xsd:attribute name="rig" type="ST_LightRigType" use="required" />
<xsd:attribute name="dir" type="ST_LightRigDirection" use="required" />
</xsd:complexType>
Just as with the camera, the complex type, CT_SphereCoords, is defined elsewhere in the DrawingML. This element, however, serves as an override for the default light right direction. Figure 2 below shows some of the different preset lights applied to a shape.
Figure 8: Some preset lights applied to a shape.
The types of available light rigs are:
legacyFlat1
legacyFlat2
legacyFlat3
legacyFlat4
legacyNormal1
legacyNormal2
legacyNormal3
legacyNormal4
legacyHarsh1
legacyHarsh2
legacyHarsh3
legacyHarsh4
threePoint
balanced
soft
harsh
flood
contrasting
morning
sunrise
sunset
chilly
freezing
flat
twoPoint
glow
brightRoom
The types of available present directions are:
- tl – top left
- t – top
- tr – top right
- l – left
- r – right
- bl – bottom left
- b – bottom
- br – bottom right
Light
The complex type, CT_LightRig, defines the lighting of the scene. A light rig consists of a preset direction, preset rig type, and a rotation that serves as an override for the direction. The complex type is defined as:
<xsd:complexType name="CT_LightRig">
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="rot" type="CT_SphereCoords" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />
</xsd:sequence>
<xsd:attribute name="rig" type="ST_LightRigType" use="required" />
<xsd:attribute name="dir" type="ST_LightRigDirection" use="required" />
</xsd:complexType>
Just as with the camera, the complex type, CT_SphereCoords, is defined elsewhere in the DrawingML. This element, however, serves as an override for the default light right direction. Figure 2 below shows some of the different preset lights applied to a shape.
Figure 8: Some preset lights applied to a shape.
The types of available light rigs are:
legacyFlat1
legacyFlat2
legacyFlat3
legacyFlat4
legacyNormal1
legacyNormal2
legacyNormal3
legacyNormal4
legacyHarsh1
legacyHarsh2
legacyHarsh3
legacyHarsh4
threePoint
balanced
soft
harsh
flood
contrasting
morning
sunrise
sunset
chilly
freezing
flat
twoPoint
glow
brightRoom
The types of available present directions are:
- tl – top left
- t – top
- tr – top right
- l – left
- r – right
- bl – bottom left
- b – bottom
- br – bottom right
L.4.6.2.4 Backdrop¶
The complex type, CT_Backdrop, defines a unique place in the 3-D scene. The backdrop is a flat 2-D plane that can hold effects, such as shadows, oriented in 3-D space. The points and vectors contained within the backdrop are relative to world space. The complex type is defined as:
<xsd:complexType name="CT_Backdrop">
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="anchor" type="CT_Point3D" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" />
<xsd:element name="norm" type="CT_Vector3D" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" />
<xsd:element name="up" type="CT_Vector3D" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" />
<xsd:element name="ext" type="CT_OfficeArtExtension" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
All of the complex types defined within this backdrop are defined elsewhere in DrawingML. As with other complex types, the backdrop also contains an element reserved for future extensibility.
Backdrop
The complex type, CT_Backdrop, defines a unique place in the 3-D scene. The backdrop is a flat 2-D plane that can hold effects, such as shadows, oriented in 3-D space. The points and vectors contained within the backdrop are relative to world space. The complex type is defined as:
<xsd:complexType name="CT_Backdrop">
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="anchor" type="CT_Point3D" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" />
<xsd:element name="norm" type="CT_Vector3D" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" />
<xsd:element name="up" type="CT_Vector3D" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" />
<xsd:element name="ext" type="CT_OfficeArtExtension" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
All of the complex types defined within this backdrop are defined elsewhere in DrawingML. As with other complex types, the backdrop also contains an element reserved for future extensibility.
L.4.6.3 Styles¶
The 3-D styles section encompasses the properties for 3-D shapes. These properties are those that get applied to the 3-D shape, such as a bevel or a contour, and they define the look of the shape in 3-D. A number of simple types used within the complex types of this group are defined below.
Styles
The 3-D styles section encompasses the properties for 3-D shapes. These properties are those that get applied to the 3-D shape, such as a bevel or a contour, and they define the look of the shape in 3-D. A number of simple types used within the complex types of this group are defined below.
L.4.6.3.1 Simple Types¶
The simple types defined here outline the different presets available to the user. These presets are applied to the shapes through the complex type definitions that are outlined later.
Simple Types
The simple types defined here outline the different presets available to the user. These presets are applied to the shapes through the complex type definitions that are outlined later.
L.4.6.3.1.1 Bevel Type¶
The simple type, ST_BevelPresetType, defines a preset bevel for a shape and some examples can be seen in figure 3.
Figure 9: Different bevel types applied to a shape
The different types of bevels available are:
relaxedInset
circle
slope
cross
angle
softRound
convex
coolSlant
divot
riblet
hardedge
artDeco
Bevel Type
The simple type, ST_BevelPresetType, defines a preset bevel for a shape and some examples can be seen in figure 3.
Figure 9: Different bevel types applied to a shape
The different types of bevels available are:
relaxedInset
circle
slope
cross
angle
softRound
convex
coolSlant
divot
riblet
hardedge
artDeco
L.4.6.3.1.2 Preset Material Type¶
The simple type, ST_PresetMaterialType, defines a material for the shape. The material properties describe the surface appearance of the shape, and are used in lighting calculations to define exactly how the light interacts with the shape. Some example material types can be seen in figure 4.
Figure 10: Different material types on a shape.
The different preset material types are:
legacyMatte
legacyPlastic
legacyMetal
legacyWireframe
matte
plastic
metal
warmMatte
translucentPowder
powder
dkEdge
softEdge
clear
flat
softMetal
Preset Material Type
The simple type, ST_PresetMaterialType, defines a material for the shape. The material properties describe the surface appearance of the shape, and are used in lighting calculations to define exactly how the light interacts with the shape. Some example material types can be seen in figure 4.
Figure 10: Different material types on a shape.
The different preset material types are:
legacyMatte
legacyPlastic
legacyMetal
legacyWireframe
matte
plastic
metal
warmMatte
translucentPowder
powder
dkEdge
softEdge
clear
flat
softMetal
L.4.6.3.2 Complex Types¶
The complex types in this area define the actual 3-D properties that get applied to a shape. These properties work together in order to define the geometry of a shape along with the scene related properties that define the look of the geometry of the shape.
Complex Types
The complex types in this area define the actual 3-D properties that get applied to a shape. These properties work together in order to define the geometry of a shape along with the scene related properties that define the look of the geometry of the shape.
L.4.6.3.2.1 Bevel¶
The complex type, CT_Bevel, defines a bevel for a shape. The bevel consists of a width and a height value, along with a preset bevel. The complex type is defined in the following manner:
<xsd:complexType name="CT_Bevel">
<xsd:attribute name="w" type="ST_PositiveCoordinate" use="optional" default="76200" />
<xsd:attribute name="h" type="ST_PositiveCoordinate" use="optional" default="76200" />
<xsd:attribute name="prst" type="ST_BevelPresetType" use="optional" default="circle" />
</xsd:complexType>
Bevel
The complex type, CT_Bevel, defines a bevel for a shape. The bevel consists of a width and a height value, along with a preset bevel. The complex type is defined in the following manner:
<xsd:complexType name="CT_Bevel">
<xsd:attribute name="w" type="ST_PositiveCoordinate" use="optional" default="76200" />
<xsd:attribute name="h" type="ST_PositiveCoordinate" use="optional" default="76200" />
<xsd:attribute name="prst" type="ST_BevelPresetType" use="optional" default="circle" />
</xsd:complexType>
L.4.6.3.2.2 Shape 3-D¶
The complex type, CT_Shape3D, defines all of the 3-D properties associated with an individual shape. A shape can have two bevels, one on the top and one on the bottom. An extrusion color also defined, which, when applied, applies a color to the surface of the extrusion. There is also an extrusion width, which defines the width of the extrusion. A contour color and width can be defined for the shape. A zaxi anchor is defined within the complex type and is the anchor relative to the shape’s top face. The shape 3-D complex type also holds a present material. Finally the shape 3-D contains another element just as in previous complex types, which is used for future extensibility. The CT_Shape3D complex type is defined in the following manner:
<xsd:complexType name="CT_Shape3D">
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="bevelT" type="CT_Bevel" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />
<xsd:element name="bevelB" type="CT_Bevel" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />
<xsd:element name="extrusionClr" type="CT_Color" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />
<xsd:element name="contourClr" type="CT_Color" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />
<xsd:element name="ext" type="CT_OfficeArtExtension" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />
</xsd:sequence>
<xsd:attribute name="z" type="ST_Coordinate" use="optional" default="0" />
<xsd:attribute name="extrusionH" type="ST_PositiveCoordinate" use="optional" default="0" />
<xsd:attribute name="contourW" type="ST_PositiveCoordinate" use="optional" default="0" />
<xsd:attribute name="prstMaterial" type="ST_PresetMaterialType" use="optional" default="warmMatte" />
</xsd:complexType>
Shape 3-D
The complex type, CT_Shape3D, defines all of the 3-D properties associated with an individual shape. A shape can have two bevels, one on the top and one on the bottom. An extrusion color also defined, which, when applied, applies a color to the surface of the extrusion. There is also an extrusion width, which defines the width of the extrusion. A contour color and width can be defined for the shape. A zaxi anchor is defined within the complex type and is the anchor relative to the shape’s top face. The shape 3-D complex type also holds a present material. Finally the shape 3-D contains another element just as in previous complex types, which is used for future extensibility. The CT_Shape3D complex type is defined in the following manner:
<xsd:complexType name="CT_Shape3D">
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="bevelT" type="CT_Bevel" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />
<xsd:element name="bevelB" type="CT_Bevel" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />
<xsd:element name="extrusionClr" type="CT_Color" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />
<xsd:element name="contourClr" type="CT_Color" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />
<xsd:element name="ext" type="CT_OfficeArtExtension" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" />
</xsd:sequence>
<xsd:attribute name="z" type="ST_Coordinate" use="optional" default="0" />
<xsd:attribute name="extrusionH" type="ST_PositiveCoordinate" use="optional" default="0" />
<xsd:attribute name="contourW" type="ST_PositiveCoordinate" use="optional" default="0" />
<xsd:attribute name="prstMaterial" type="ST_PresetMaterialType" use="optional" default="warmMatte" />
</xsd:complexType>
L.4.6.3.2.3 Flat Text¶
The complex type, CT_FlatText, defines a text object in a 3-D scene that should be rendered as a normal, flat, text overlay outside of the 3-D scene. The complex type is defined in the following manner:
<xsd:complexType name="CT_FlatText">
<xsd:attribute name="z" type="ST_Coordinate" use="optional" default="0" />
</xsd:complexType>
Flat Text
The complex type, CT_FlatText, defines a text object in a 3-D scene that should be rendered as a normal, flat, text overlay outside of the 3-D scene. The complex type is defined in the following manner:
<xsd:complexType name="CT_FlatText">
<xsd:attribute name="z" type="ST_Coordinate" use="optional" default="0" />
</xsd:complexType>
L.4.6.3.2.4 Group, Text 3-D¶
The final structure to be defined is a group, EG_Text3D, which describes how text should be applied in the 3-D scene. If the text object is a member of the 3-D scene, then there are three different ways it can be displayed:
- If no EG_Text3D choice is provided, the text is rendered in a scene coherent manner and is rendered in perspective inside of the 3D scene as a planar shape inside the 3-D.
- If CT_Shape3D is provided then the text is scene coherent and fully 3-D.
- If CT_FlatText is provided then the text is drawn as normal 2-D text rendered on top of the 3-D scene.
An EG_Text3D is defined in the following manner:
<xsd:group name="EG_Text3D">
<xsd:choice oxsd:cname="Text3DChoice" oxsd:cnameMember="text3DChoice">
<xsd:element name="sp3dtype=" type="CT_FlatText" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" />
</xsd:choice>
</xsd:group>
Group, Text 3-D
The final structure to be defined is a group, EG_Text3D, which describes how text should be applied in the 3-D scene. If the text object is a member of the 3-D scene, then there are three different ways it can be displayed:
- If no EG_Text3D choice is provided, the text is rendered in a scene coherent manner and is rendered in perspective inside of the 3D scene as a planar shape inside the 3-D.
- If CT_Shape3D is provided then the text is scene coherent and fully 3-D.
- If CT_FlatText is provided then the text is drawn as normal 2-D text rendered on top of the 3-D scene.
An EG_Text3D is defined in the following manner:
<xsd:group name="EG_Text3D">
<xsd:choice oxsd:cname="Text3DChoice" oxsd:cnameMember="text3DChoice">
<xsd:element name="sp3dtype=" type="CT_FlatText" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" />
</xsd:choice>
</xsd:group>
创建日期: 2024年4月11日