附录 A（资料性）操作员摘要¶
Annex A (informative) Operator Summary
A.1 概述¶
A.1 General
本附件按字母顺序列出了 PDF 内容流中可能使用的所有运算符。
This annex lists, in alphabetical order, all the operators that may be used in PDF content streams.
A.2 PDF内容流操作符¶
A.2 PDF Content Stream Operators
表 A.1 列出了每个操作符、其对应的 PostScript 语言操作符（当它是 PDF 操作符的精确或近似等效时）、操作符的描述以及引入每个操作符的表格和页面的参考。
| 操作符 | PostScript 等效操作符 | 描述 | 表格 |
|---|---|---|---|
| b | closepath, fill, stroke | 使用非零环绕规则关闭、填充和描边路径 | 60 |
| B | fill, stroke | 使用非零环绕规则填充和描边路径 | 60 |
| b* | closepath, eofill, stroke | 使用奇偶规则关闭、填充和描边路径 | 60 |
| B* | eofill, stroke | 使用奇偶规则填充和描边路径 | 60 |
| BDC | (PDF 1.2) 开始带有属性列表的标记内容序列 | 320 | |
| BI | 开始内嵌图像对象 | 92 | |
| BMC | (PDF 1.2) 开始标记内容序列 | 320 | |
| BT | 开始文本对象 | 107 | |
| BX | (PDF 1.1) 开始兼容性部分 | 32 | |
| c | curveto | 将曲线段附加到路径（三个控制点） | 59 |
| cm | concat | 将矩阵连接到当前变换矩阵 | 57 |
| CS | setcolorspace | (PDF 1.1) 设置描边操作的色彩空间 | 74 |
| cs | setcolorspace | (PDF 1.1) 设置非描边操作的色彩空间 | 74 |
| d | setdash | 设置线条虚线模式 | 57 |
| d0 | setcharwidth | 设置 Type 3 字体中的字形宽度 | 113 |
| d1 | setcachedevice | 设置 Type 3 字体中的字形宽度和边界框 | 113 |
| Do | 调用命名的 XObject | 87 | |
| DP | (PDF 1.2) 定义带有属性列表的标记内容点 | 320 | |
| EI | 结束内嵌图像对象 | 92 | |
| EMC | (PDF 1.2) 结束标记内容序列 | 320 | |
| ET | 结束文本对象 | 107 | |
| EX | (PDF 1.1) 结束兼容性部分 | 32 | |
| f | fill | 使用非零环绕规则填充路径 | 60 |
| F | fill | 使用非零环绕规则填充路径（已过时） | 60 |
| f* | eofill | 使用奇偶规则填充路径 | 60 |
| G | setgray | 设置描边操作的灰度级别 | 74 |
| g | setgray | 设置非描边操作的灰度级别 | 74 |
| gs | (PDF 1.2) 从图形状态参数字典中设置参数 | 57 | |
| h | closepath | 关闭子路径 | 59 |
| i | setflat | 设置平坦度容差 | 57 |
| ID | 开始内嵌图像数据 | 92 | |
| j | setlinejoin | 设置线条连接样式 | 57 |
| J | setlinecap | 设置线条端点样式 | 57 |
| K | setcmykcolor | 设置描边操作的 CMYK 颜色 | 74 |
| k | setcmykcolor | 设置非描边操作的 CMYK 颜色 | 74 |
| l | lineto | 将直线段附加到路径 | 59 |
| m | moveto | 开始新的子路径 | 59 |
| M | setmiterlimit | 设置斜接限制 | 57 |
| MP | (PDF 1.2) 定义标记内容点 | 320 | |
| n | 结束路径而不填充或描边 | 60 | |
| q | gsave | 保存图形状态 | 57 |
| Q | grestore | 恢复图形状态 | 57 |
| re | 将矩形附加到路径 | 59 | |
| RG | setrgbcolor | 设置描边操作的 RGB 颜色 | 74 |
| rg | setrgbcolor | 设置非描边操作的 RGB 颜色 | 74 |
| ri | 设置色彩渲染意图 | 57 | |
| s | closepath, stroke | 关闭并描边路径 | 60 |
| S | stroke | 描边路径 | 60 |
| SC | setcolor | (PDF 1.1) 设置描边操作的颜色 | 74 |
| sc | setcolor | (PDF 1.1) 设置非描边操作的颜色 | 74 |
| SCN | setcolor | (PDF 1.2) 设置描边操作的颜色（ICCBased 和特殊色彩空间） | 74 |
| scn | setcolor | (PDF 1.2) 设置非描边操作的颜色（ICCBased 和特殊色彩空间） | 74 |
| shshfill | (PDF 1.3) 绘制由着色模式定义的区域 | 77 | |
| T* | 移动到下一文本行的开头 | 108 | |
| Tc | 设置字符间距 | ||
| Td | 移动文本位置 | 108 | |
| TD | 移动文本位置并设置行距 | 108 | |
| Tf | selectfont | 设置文本字体和大小 | |
| Tj | show | 显示文本 | 109 |
| TJ | 显示文本，允许单独定位字形 | 109 | |
| TL | 设置文本行距 | ||
| Tm | 设置文本矩阵和文本行矩阵 | 108 | |
| Tr | 设置文本渲染模式 | ||
| Ts | 设置文本上升 | ||
| Tw | 设置单词间距 | ||
| Tz | 设置水平文本缩放 | ||
| v | curveto | 将曲线段附加到路径（初始点重复） | 59 |
| w | setlinewidth | 设置线条宽度 | 57 |
| W | clip | 使用非零环绕规则设置裁剪路径 | 61 |
| W* | eoclip | 使用奇偶规则设置裁剪路径 | 61 |
| y | curveto | 将曲线段附加到路径（最终点重复） | 59 |
| ' | 移动到下一行并显示文本 | 109 | |
| " | 设置单词和字符间距，移动到下一行并显示文本 | 109 |
Table A.1 lists each operator, its corresponding PostScript language operators (when it is an exact or near- exact equivalent of the PDF operator), a description of the operator, and references to the table and page where each operator is introduced.
| Operator | PostScript Equivalent | Description | Table |
|---|---|---|---|
| b | closepath, fill, stroke | Close, fill, and stroke path using nonzero winding number rule | 60 |
| B | fill, stroke | Fill and stroke path using nonzero winding number rule | 60 |
| b* | closepath, eofill, stroke | Close, fill, and stroke path using even-odd rule | 60 |
| B* | eofill, stroke | Fill and stroke path using even-odd rule | 60 |
| BDC | (PDF 1.2) Begin marked-content sequence with property list | 320 | |
| BI | Begin inline image object | 92 | |
| BMC | (PDF 1.2) Begin marked-content sequence | 320 | |
| BT | Begin text object | 107 | |
| BX | (PDF 1.1) Begin compatibility section | 32 | |
| c | curveto | Append curved segment to path (three control points) | 59 |
| cm | concat | Concatenate matrix to current transformation matrix | 57 |
| CS | setcolorspace | (PDF 1.1) Set color space for stroking operations | 74 |
| cs | setcolorspace | (PDF 1.1) Set color space for nonstroking operations | 74 |
| d | setdash | Set line dash pattern | 57 |
| d0 | setcharwidth | Set glyph width in Type 3 font | 113 |
| d1 | setcachedevice | Set glyph width and bounding box in Type 3 font | 113 |
| Do | Invoke named XObject | 87 | |
| DP | (PDF 1.2) Define marked-content point with property list | 320 | |
| EI | End inline image object | 92 | |
| EMC | (PDF 1.2) End marked-content sequence | 320 | |
| ET | End text object | 107 | |
| EX | (PDF 1.1) End compatibility section | 32 | |
| f | fill | Fill path using nonzero winding number rule | 60 |
| F | fill | Fill path using nonzero winding number rule (obsolete) | 60 |
| f* | eofill | Fill path using even-odd rule | 60 |
| G | setgray | Set gray level for stroking operations | 74 |
| g | setgray | Set gray level for nonstroking operations | 74 |
| gs | (PDF 1.2) Set parameters from graphics state parameter dictionary | 57 | |
| h | closepath | Close subpath | 59 |
| i | setflat | Set flatness tolerance | 57 |
| ID | Begin inline image data | 92 | |
| j | setlinejoin | Set line join style | 57 |
| J | setlinecap | Set line cap style | 57 |
| K | setcmykcolor | Set CMYK color for stroking operations | 74 |
| k | setcmykcolor | Set CMYK color for nonstroking operations | 74 |
| l | lineto | Append straight line segment to path | 59 |
| m | moveto | Begin new subpath | 59 |
| M | setmiterlimit | Set miter limit | 57 |
| MP | (PDF 1.2) Define marked-content point | 320 | |
| n | End path without filling or stroking | 60 | |
| q | gsave | Save graphics state | 57 |
| Q | grestore | Restore graphics state | 57 |
| re | Append rectangle to path | 59 | |
| RG | setrgbcolor | Set RGB color for stroking operations | 74 |
| rg | setrgbcolor | Set RGB color for nonstroking operations | 74 |
| ri | Set color rendering intent | 57 | |
| s | closepath, stroke | Close and stroke path | 60 |
| S | stroke | Stroke path | 60 |
| SC | setcolor | (PDF 1.1) Set color for stroking operations | 74 |
| sc | setcolor | (PDF 1.1) Set color for nonstroking operations | 74 |
| SCN | setcolor | (PDF 1.2) Set color for stroking operations (ICCBased and special colour spaces) | 74 |
| scn | setcolor | (PDF 1.2) Set color for nonstroking operations (ICCBased and special colour spaces) | 74 |
| shshfill | (PDF 1.3) Paint area defined by shading pattern | 77 | |
| T* | Move to start of next text line | 108 | |
| Tc | Set character spacing | ||
| Td | Move text position | 108 | |
| TD | Move text position and set leading | 108 | |
| Tf | selectfont | Set text font and size | |
| Tj | show | Show text | 109 |
| TJ | Show text, allowing individual glyph positioning | 109 | |
| TL | Set text leading | ||
| Tm | Set text matrix and text line matrix | 108 | |
| Tr | Set text rendering mode | ||
| Ts | Set text rise | ||
| Tw | Set word spacing | ||
| Tz | Set horizontal text scaling | ||
| v | curveto | Append curved segment to path (initial point replicated) | 59 |
| w | setlinewidth | Set line width | 57 |
| W | clip | Set clipping path using nonzero winding number rule | 61 |
| W* | eoclip | Set clipping path using even-odd rule | 61 |
| y | curveto | Append curved segment to path (final point replicated) | 59 |
| ' | Move to next line and show text | 109 | |
| " | Set word and character spacing, move to next line, and show text | 109 |