段落格式 ==================== Paragraph formatting .. tab:: 中文 WordprocessingML 支持多种段落格式属性来控制布局特征，例如对齐、缩进、行距、前后空格以及孤行控制。 .. tab:: 英文 WordprocessingML supports a variety of paragraph formatting attributes to control layout characteristics such as justification, indentation, line spacing, space before and after, and widow/orphan control. 对齐（对齐） ------------------------- Alignment (justification) .. tab:: 中文 在 Word 中，每个段落都有一个 `alignment` 属性，用于指定段落在页面上布局时如何对齐段落的行。常用值有左对齐、右对齐、居中和两端对齐。 .. tab:: 英文 In Word, each paragraph has an `alignment` attribute that specifies how to justify the lines of the paragraph when the paragraph is laid out on the page. Common values are left, right, centered, and justified. 协议 ~~~~~~~~ Protocol .. tab:: 中文 获取和设置段落对齐 .. tab:: 英文 Getting and setting paragraph alignment :: >>> paragraph = body.add_paragraph() >>> paragraph.alignment None >>> paragraph.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.RIGHT >>> paragraph.alignment RIGHT (2) >>> paragraph.alignment = None >>> paragraph.alignment None XML 语义 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ XML Semantics .. tab:: 中文 如果段落中不存在 ```` 元素，则该段落的对齐方式将从其样式层次结构中继承。 如果该元素存在，其值将覆盖任何继承的值。 在 API 中，``Paragraph.alignment`` 属性的值为 |None| 时，表示该段落中不存在 ```` 元素。 如果将 |None| 赋值给 ``Paragraph.alignment``，则 ```` 元素将被移除。 .. tab:: 英文 If the ```` element is not present on a paragraph, the alignment value for that paragraph is inherited from its style hierarchy. If the element is present, its value overrides any inherited value. From the API, a value of |None| on the ``Paragraph.alignment`` property corresponds to no ```` element being present. If |None| is assigned to ``Paragraph.alignment``, the ```` element is removed. 段落间距 ----------------- Paragraph spacing .. tab:: 中文 相邻段落之间的间距由段落间距属性控制。 间距可以应用于段落之前、之后，或同时应用。 其概念类似于 CSS 中的 `padding` 或 `margin`。 WordprocessingML 支持以长度值或行高倍数指定段落间距； 然而，在 Word 用户界面中，仅支持使用长度值。 段落间距具有“重叠”特性，即两个段落之间的实际渲染间距为前一个段落的“段后间距” 和后一个段落的“段前间距”两者中的较大值。 .. tab:: 英文 Spacing between subsequent paragraphs is controlled by the paragraph spacing attributes. Spacing can be applied either before the paragraph, after it, or both. The concept is similar to that of `padding` or `margin` in CSS. WordprocessingML supports paragraph spacing specified as either a length value or as a multiple of the line height; however only a length value is supported via the Word UI. Inter-paragraph spacing "overlaps", such that the rendered spacing between two paragraphs is the maximum of the space after the first paragraph and the space before the second. 协议 ~~~~~~~~ Protocol .. tab:: 中文 获取和设置段落间距 .. tab:: 英文 Getting and setting paragraph spacing :: >>> paragraph_format = document.styles['Normal'].paragraph_format >>> paragraph_format.space_before None >>> paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12) >>> paragraph_format.space_before.pt 12.0 XML 语义 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ XML Semantics .. tab:: 中文 * 段落间距由 `w:pPr/w:spacing` 元素指定，该元素同时控制行间距。间距以 twip（缇）为单位表示。 * 如果 `w:spacing` 元素不存在，则段落间距从其样式层次结构中继承。 * 如果样式层次结构中也未定义间距，则该段落不会应用任何间距。 * 如果 `w:spacing` 元素存在但某个具体属性（如 `w:before`）缺失，则该属性的值将被继承。 .. tab:: 英文 * Paragraph spacing is specified using the `w:pPr/w:spacing` element, which also controls line spacing. Spacing is specified in twips. * If the `w:spacing` element is not present, paragraph spacing is inherited from the style hierarchy. * If not present in the style hierarchy, the paragraph will have no spacing. * If the `w:spacing` element is present but the specific attribute (e.g. `w:before`) is not, its value is inherited. 样本 XML ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Specimen XML .. tab:: 中文 前间距为 12 pt，后间距为 0 .. tab:: 英文 12 pt space before, 0 after .. highlight:: xml :: 行间距 ------------ Line spacing .. tab:: 中文 行间距可以指定为特定长度或是行高（字体大小）的倍数。行间距由 `w:spacing/@w:line` 和 `w:spacing/@w:lineRule` 的组合值决定。 :attr:`.ParagraphFormat.line_spacing` 属性根据赋值是否为 |Length| 实例来确定使用哪种方法。 .. tab:: 英文 Line spacing can be specified either as a specific length or as a multiple of the line height (font size). Line spacing is specified by the combination of values in `w:spacing/@w:line` and `w:spacing/@w:lineRule`. The :attr:`.ParagraphFormat.line_spacing` property determines which method to use based on whether the assigned value is an instance of |Length|. 协议 ~~~~~~~~ Protocol .. tab:: 中文 获取和设置行距 .. tab:: 英文 Getting and setting line spacing .. highlight:: python :: >>> paragraph_format.line_spacing, paragraph_format.line_spacing_rule (None, None) >>> paragraph_format.line_spacing = Pt(18) >>> paragraph_format.line_spacing, paragraph_format.line_spacing_rule (228600, WD_LINE_SPACING.EXACTLY (4)) >>> paragraph_format.line_spacing = 1 >>> paragraph_format.line_spacing, paragraph_format.line_spacing_rule (152400, WD_LINE_SPACING.SINGLE (0)) >>> paragraph_format.line_spacing = 0.9 >>> paragraph_format.line_spacing, paragraph_format.line_spacing_rule (137160, WD_LINE_SPACING.MULTIPLE (5)) XML 语义 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ XML Semantics .. tab:: 中文 * 行间距由 `w:spacing/@w:line` 和 `w:spacing/@w:lineRule` 的组合值决定。 * `w:spacing/@w:line` 以 twip 为单位指定。如果 `@w:lineRule` 的值为 'auto'（或缺失），则 `@w:line` 被解释为 240 分之一行的倍数。对于 `@w:lineRule` 的其他所有值，`@w:line` 直接被解释为具体的 twip 长度。 * 如果 `w:spacing` 元素不存在，则行间距从样式层次结构中继承。 * 如果 `@w:line` 不存在，则行间距从样式层次结构中继承。 * 如果 `@w:lineRule` 不存在，则默认为 'auto'。 * 如果在样式层次结构中未指定行间距，则默认使用单倍行距。 * `@w:lineRule` 取 'atLeast' 值时，行间距将取 `@w:line` 指定的 twip 长度或单倍行距中较大的值。 .. tab:: 英文 * Line spacing is specified by the combination of the values in `w:spacing/@w:line` and `w:spacing/@w:lineRule`. * `w:spacing/@w:line` is specified in twips. If `@w:lineRule` is 'auto' (or missing), `@w:line` is interpreted as 240ths of a line. For all other values of `@w:lineRule`, the value of `@w:line` is interpreted as a specific length in twips. * If the `w:spacing` element is not present, line spacing is inherited. * If `@w:line` is not present, line spacing is inherited. * If not present, `@w:lineRule` defaults to 'auto'. * If not present in the style hierarchy, line spacing defaults to single spaced. * The 'atLeast' value for `@w:lineRule` indicates the line spacing will be `@w:line` twips or single spaced, whichever is greater. 样本 XML ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Specimen XML .. highlight:: xml 14 points:: double-spaced:: 缩进 ----------- Indentation .. tab:: 中文 段落缩进由 `w:pPr/w:ind` 元素指定。可以设置左缩进、右缩进、首行缩进和悬挂缩进。缩进可以使用长度值或字符宽度的百分之一指定。但 |docx| 仅支持长度值。首行缩进和悬挂缩进均通过 :attr:`.ParagraphFormat.first_line_indent` 属性指定。赋值为正数时，产生首行缩进；赋值为负数时，产生悬挂缩进。 .. tab:: 英文 Paragraph indentation is specified using the `w:pPr/w:ind` element. Left, right, first line, and hanging indent can be specified. Indentation can be specified as a length or in hundredths of a character width. Only length is supported by |docx|. Both first line indent and hanging indent are specified using the :attr:`.ParagraphFormat.first_line_indent` property. Assigning a positive value produces an indented first line. A negative value produces a hanging indent. 协议 ~~~~~~~~ Protocol .. tab:: 中文 获取和设置缩进 .. tab:: 英文 Getting and setting indentation .. highlight:: python :: >>> paragraph_format.left_indent None >>> paragraph_format.right_indent None >>> paragraph_format.first_line_indent None >>> paragraph_format.left_indent = Pt(36) >>> paragraph_format.left_indent.pt 36.0 >>> paragraph_format.right_indent = Inches(0.25) >>> paragraph_format.right_indent.pt 18.0 >>> paragraph_format.first_line_indent = Pt(-18) >>> paragraph_format.first_line_indent.pt -18.0 XML 语义 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ XML Semantics .. tab:: 中文 * 缩进由 `w:ind/@w:start`、`w:ind/@w:end`、`w:ind/@w:firstLine` 和 `w:ind/@w:hanging` 指定。 * `w:firstLine` 和 `w:hanging` 互斥，如果两者都被指定，则 `w:firstLine` 将被忽略。 * 以上四个属性的值均以 twips 为单位。 * `w:start` 控制从左到右（LTR）段落的左缩进，或从右到左（RTL）段落的右缩进，而 `w:end` 控制另一侧的缩进。如果指定了 `mirrorIndents`，则 `w:start` 控制内侧边距，`w:end` 控制外侧边距。允许使用负值，这将导致文本超出文本边距。 * 如果 `w:ind` 元素不存在，则缩进值将从样式层级继承。 * 任何缺失的属性都会从样式层级继承。 * 如果样式层级中未定义缩进值，则默认值为零。 .. tab:: 英文 * Indentation is specified by `w:ind/@w:start`, `w:ind/@w:end`, `w:ind/@w:firstLine`, and `w:ind/@w:hanging`. * `w:firstLine` and `w:hanging` are mutually exclusive, if both are specified, `w:firstLine` is ignored. * All four attributes are specified in twips. * `w:start` controls left indent for a left-to-right paragraph or right indent for a right-to-left paragraph. `w:end` controls the other side. If mirrorIndents is specified, `w:start` controls the inside margin and `w:end` the outside. Negative values are permitted and cause the text to move past the text margin. * If `w:ind` is not present, indentation is inherited. * Any omitted attributes are inherited. * If not present in the style hierarchy, indentation values default to zero. 样本 XML ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Specimen XML .. highlight:: xml .. tab:: 中文 1 英寸左缩进，0.5 英寸（额外）首行缩进，0.5 英寸右缩进:: 0.5 英寸左缩进，0.5 英寸悬挂缩进:: .. tab:: 英文 1 inch left, 0.5 inch (additional) first line, 0.5 inch right:: 0.5 inch left, 0.5 inch hanging indent:: 页面位置 -------------- Page placement .. tab:: 中文 有一些页面布局属性用于控制诸如将段落的所有行保持在同一页上、使段落（如标题）与后续段落保持在同一页上，以及将段落放置在新页顶部等行为。这些属性都是三态布尔值，其中 |None| 表示“继承”。 .. tab:: 英文 There are a handful of page placement properties that control such things as keeping the lines of a paragraph together on the same page, keeing a paragraph (such as a heading) on the same page as the subsequent paragraph, and placing the paragraph at the top of a new page. Each of these are tri-state boolean properties where |None| indicates "inherit". 协议 ~~~~~~~~ Protocol .. tab:: 中文 获取和设置缩进 .. tab:: 英文 Getting and setting indentation .. highlight:: python :: >>> paragraph_format.keep_with_next None >>> paragraph_format.keep_together None >>> paragraph_format.page_break_before None >>> paragraph_format.widow_control None >>> paragraph_format.keep_with_next = True >>> paragraph_format.keep_with_next True >>> paragraph_format.keep_together = False >>> paragraph_format.keep_together False >>> paragraph_format.page_break_before = True >>> paragraph_format.widow_control = None XML 语义 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ XML Semantics .. tab:: 中文 * 所有四个元素都具有“开/关”语义。 * 如果不存在，则它们的值将被继承。 * 如果在样式层次结构中不存在，则值默认为 False。 .. tab:: 英文 * All four elements have "On/Off" semantics. * If not present, their value is inherited. * If not present in the style hierarchy, values default to False. 样本 XML ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Specimen XML .. tab:: 中文 与下页保持同步、保持在一起、前页无分页符以及孤行控制 .. tab:: 英文 keep with next, keep together, no page break before, and widow/orphan control .. highlight:: xml :: 枚举 ------------ Enumerations .. tab:: 中文 .. tab:: 英文 * :ref:`WdLineSpacing` * :ref:`WdParagraphAlignment` 样本 XML ------------ Specimen XML .. highlight:: xml .. tab:: 中文 一个继承了对齐方式的段落:: 继承的段落对齐方式。 一个右对齐的段落:: 右对齐的段落。 .. tab:: 英文 A paragraph with inherited alignment:: Inherited paragraph alignment. A right-aligned paragraph:: Right-aligned paragraph. 架构摘录 -------------- Schema excerpt .. tab:: 中文 .. tab:: 英文 ::