使用环境和包缓存的自定义位置#

Using Custom Locations for Environment and Package Cache

中文

对于任意一次 conda 安装来说，占用磁盘空间最大的两个文件夹通常是用于存储已创建环境的 envs 文件夹和用于存储已下载软件包的 pkgs 文件夹。如果 conda 安装的位置磁盘空间有限，而同一台计算机上的其他位置拥有更多可用磁盘空间，可以通过设置 envs_dirs 和 pkgs_dirs 来分别更改 conda 存储环境和软件包的位置。

假设 conda 安装在用户的主目录下，而 /nfs/volume/user 目录具有更多可用空间且可写，最佳的配置方式是在用户主目录下的 .condarc 文件中添加以下内容：

envs_dirs:
  - /nfs/volume/user/conda_envs
pkgs_dirs:
  - /nfs/volume/user/conda_pkgs

在上面的示例中，我们指示 conda 使用 /nfs/volume/user/conda_envs 目录来存储所有我们创建的环境，使用 /nfs/volume/user/conda_pkgs 目录来存储所有我们下载的软件包。

为了进一步节省空间，在可能的情况下，/nfs/volume/user/conda_pkgs 中的内容将通过硬链接（hard link）的方式链接至 /nfs/volume/user/conda_envs 中的环境。这意味着，在一次 conda 安装中，pkgs_dirs 通常会占用最多的磁盘空间。但是，在无法使用硬链接的情况下，文件将被复制到环境目录中，这意味着每个新环境都会增加磁盘空间占用。为了确保硬链接可以正常工作，推荐始终将 envs_dirs 与 pkgs_dirs 存储在同一挂载卷中。

英文

For any given conda installation, the two largest folders in terms of disk space are often the envs and pkgs folders that store created environments and downloaded packages, respectively. If the location where conda is installed has limited disk space and another location with more disk space is available on the same computer, we can change where conda saves its environments and packages with the settings envs_dirs and pkgs_dirs, respectively.

Assuming conda is installed in the user's home directory and the the folder /nfs/volume/user with more disk space is writable, the best way to configure this is by adding the following entries to the .condarc file in the user's home directory:

envs_dirs:
  - /nfs/volume/user/conda_envs
pkgs_dirs:
  - /nfs/volume/user/conda_pkgs

In the example above, we tell conda to use the folder /nfs/volume/user/conda_envs to store all of the environments we create, and we tell conda to use /nfs/volume/user/conda_pkgs to store all of the packages that we download.

To save even more space, the contents of /nfs/volume/user/conda_pkgs will be hard linked to the environments in /nfs/volume/user/conda_envs when possible. This means that pkgs_dirs will normally take up the most space for a conda installation. But, when hard linking is not possible, the files will be copied over to the environment which means each new environment increases the amount of disk space taken. To ensure this hard linking works properly, we recommend to always store the envs_dirs and pkgs_dirs on the same mounted volume.