安装独立的命令行工具

Installing stand alone command line tools

中文

许多包提供命令行应用程序。例如， mypy 、flake8 、 black 和 Pipenv 都是这样的包。

通常，您希望能够在系统的任何位置访问这些应用程序，但将包及其依赖项安装到同一个全局环境中可能会导致版本冲突，并破坏操作系统对 Python 包的依赖。

pipx 通过为每个包创建一个虚拟环境来解决这个问题，同时确保其应用程序可以通过一个在 $PATH 中的目录进行访问。这使得每个包都可以升级或卸载，而不会与其他包发生冲突，并允许您从任何地方安全地运行这些应用程序。

备注

pipx 仅适用于 Python 3.6 及更高版本。

您可以使用 pip 安装 pipx：

Unix/macOS

python3 -m pip install --user pipx
python3 -m pipx ensurepath

Windows

py -m pip install --user pipx
py -m pipx ensurepath

备注

ensurepath 确保应用程序目录位于您的 $PATH 中。 您可能需要重新启动终端才能使此更新生效。

现在，您可以使用 pipx install 安装包，并从任何地方运行该包的应用程序。

$ pipx install PACKAGE
$ PACKAGE_APPLICATION [ARGS]

例如：

$ pipx install cowsay
  installed package cowsay 6.1, installed using Python 3.12.2
  These apps are now globally available
    - cowsay
done! ✨ 🌟 ✨
$ cowsay -t moo
  ___
< moo >
  ===
        \
        \
          ^__^
          (oo)\_______
          (__)\       )\/
              ||     ||
              ||----w |

要查看通过 pipx 安装的包以及可用的应用程序列表，可以使用 pipx list：

$ pipx list
venvs are in /Users/user/Library/Application Support/pipx/venvs
apps are exposed on your $PATH at /Users/user/.local/bin
manual pages are exposed at /Users/user/.local/share/man
  package black 24.2.0, installed using Python 3.12.2
    - black
    - blackd
  package cowsay 6.1, installed using Python 3.12.2
    - cowsay
  package mypy 1.9.0, installed using Python 3.12.2
    - dmypy
    - mypy
    - mypyc
    - stubgen
    - stubtest
  package nox 2024.3.2, installed using Python 3.12.2
    - nox
    - tox-to-nox

要升级或卸载包：

pipx upgrade PACKAGE
pipx uninstall PACKAGE

您可以使用 pip 升级或卸载 pipx：

Unix/macOS

python3 -m pip install --upgrade pipx
python3 -m pip uninstall pipx

Windows

py -m pip install --upgrade pipx
py -m pip uninstall pipx

pipx 还允许您在一个临时、短命的环境中安装并运行应用程序的最新版本。例如：

pipx run cowsay -t moooo

要查看 pipx 提供的所有命令，可以运行：

pipx --help

您可以在 https://pipx.pypa.io/ 上了解有关 pipx 的更多信息。

英文

Many packages provide command line applications. Examples of such packages are mypy, flake8, black, and Pipenv.

Usually you want to be able to access these applications from anywhere on your system, but installing packages and their dependencies to the same global environment can cause version conflicts and break dependencies the operating system has on Python packages.

pipx solves this by creating a virtual environment for each package, while also ensuring that its applications are accessible through a directory that is on your $PATH. This allows each package to be upgraded or uninstalled without causing conflicts with other packages, and allows you to safely run the applications from anywhere.

备注

pipx only works with Python 3.6+.

pipx is installed with pip:

Unix/macOS

python3 -m pip install --user pipx
python3 -m pipx ensurepath

Windows

py -m pip install --user pipx
py -m pipx ensurepath

备注

ensurepath ensures that the application directory is on your $PATH. You may need to restart your terminal for this update to take effect.

Now you can install packages with pipx install and run the package's applications(s) from anywhere.

$ pipx install PACKAGE
$ PACKAGE_APPLICATION [ARGS]

For example:

$ pipx install cowsay
  installed package cowsay 6.1, installed using Python 3.12.2
  These apps are now globally available
    - cowsay
done! ✨ 🌟 ✨
$ cowsay -t moo
  ___
< moo >
  ===
        \
        \
          ^__^
          (oo)\_______
          (__)\       )\/
              ||     ||
              ||----w |

To see a list of packages installed with pipx and which applications are available, use pipx list:

$ pipx list
venvs are in /Users/user/Library/Application Support/pipx/venvs
apps are exposed on your $PATH at /Users/user/.local/bin
manual pages are exposed at /Users/user/.local/share/man
  package black 24.2.0, installed using Python 3.12.2
    - black
    - blackd
  package cowsay 6.1, installed using Python 3.12.2
    - cowsay
  package mypy 1.9.0, installed using Python 3.12.2
    - dmypy
    - mypy
    - mypyc
    - stubgen
    - stubtest
  package nox 2024.3.2, installed using Python 3.12.2
    - nox
    - tox-to-nox

To upgrade or uninstall a package:

pipx upgrade PACKAGE
pipx uninstall PACKAGE

pipx can be upgraded or uninstalled with pip:

Unix/macOS

python3 -m pip install --upgrade pipx
python3 -m pip uninstall pipx

Windows

py -m pip install --upgrade pipx
py -m pip uninstall pipx

pipx also allows you to install and run the latest version of an application in a temporary, ephemeral environment. For example:

pipx run cowsay -t moooo

To see the full list of commands pipx offers, run:

pipx --help

You can learn more about pipx at https://pipx.pypa.io/.