使用自定义目录收集器¶
Using a custom directory collector
默认情况下，pytest 使用 pytest.Package 收集包含 __init__.py 文件的目录，使用 pytest.Dir 收集其他目录。如果你想自定义如何收集一个目录，可以编写自己的 pytest.Directory 收集器，并使用 pytest_collect_directory 将其挂接上。
By default, pytest collects directories using pytest.Package, for directories with __init__.py files,
and pytest.Dir for other directories.
If you want to customize how a directory is collected, you can write your own pytest.Directory collector,
and use pytest_collect_directory to hook it up.
目录清单文件的基本示例¶
A basic example for a directory manifest file
假设你想在每个目录的基础上自定义收集方式。这里是一个示例 conftest.py 插件，允许目录包含一个 manifest.json 文件，该文件定义了该目录的收集方式。在这个例子中，仅支持简单的文件列表，然而你可以想象添加其他键，例如排除项和通配符。
# content of conftest.py
from __future__ import annotations
import json
import pytest
class ManifestDirectory(pytest.Directory):
def collect(self):
# The standard pytest behavior is to loop over all `test_*.py` files and
# call `pytest_collect_file` on each file. This collector instead reads
# the `manifest.json` file and only calls `pytest_collect_file` for the
# files defined there.
manifest_path = self.path / "manifest.json"
manifest = json.loads(manifest_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
ihook = self.ihook
for file in manifest["files"]:
yield from ihook.pytest_collect_file(
file_path=self.path / file, parent=self
)
@pytest.hookimpl
def pytest_collect_directory(path, parent):
# Use our custom collector for directories containing a `manifest.json` file.
if path.joinpath("manifest.json").is_file():
return ManifestDirectory.from_parent(parent=parent, path=path)
# Otherwise fallback to the standard behavior.
return None
你可以创建一个 manifest.json 文件和一些测试文件：
{
"files": [
"test_first.py",
"test_second.py"
]
}
# content of test_first.py
from __future__ import annotations
def test_1():
pass
# content of test_second.py
from __future__ import annotations
def test_2():
pass
# content of test_third.py
from __future__ import annotations
def test_3():
pass
现在你可以执行测试规范：
customdirectory $ pytest
=========================== test session starts ============================
platform linux -- Python 3.x.y, pytest-8.x.y, pluggy-1.x.y
rootdir: /home/sweet/project/customdirectory
configfile: pytest.ini
collected 2 items
tests/test_first.py . [ 50%]
tests/test_second.py . [100%]
============================ 2 passed in 0.12s =============================
注意 test_third.py 没有被执行，因为它没有在清单中列出。
你可以验证你的自定义收集器出现在收集树中：
customdirectory $ pytest --collect-only
=========================== test session starts ============================
platform linux -- Python 3.x.y, pytest-8.x.y, pluggy-1.x.y
rootdir: /home/sweet/project/customdirectory
configfile: pytest.ini
collected 2 items
<Dir customdirectory>
<ManifestDirectory tests>
<Module test_first.py>
<Function test_1>
<Module test_second.py>
<Function test_2>
======================== 2 tests collected in 0.12s ========================
Suppose you want to customize how collection is done on a per-directory basis.
Here is an example conftest.py plugin that allows directories to contain a manifest.json file,
which defines how the collection should be done for the directory.
In this example, only a simple list of files is supported,
however you can imagine adding other keys, such as exclusions and globs.
# content of conftest.py
from __future__ import annotations
import json
import pytest
class ManifestDirectory(pytest.Directory):
def collect(self):
# The standard pytest behavior is to loop over all `test_*.py` files and
# call `pytest_collect_file` on each file. This collector instead reads
# the `manifest.json` file and only calls `pytest_collect_file` for the
# files defined there.
manifest_path = self.path / "manifest.json"
manifest = json.loads(manifest_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
ihook = self.ihook
for file in manifest["files"]:
yield from ihook.pytest_collect_file(
file_path=self.path / file, parent=self
)
@pytest.hookimpl
def pytest_collect_directory(path, parent):
# Use our custom collector for directories containing a `manifest.json` file.
if path.joinpath("manifest.json").is_file():
return ManifestDirectory.from_parent(parent=parent, path=path)
# Otherwise fallback to the standard behavior.
return None
You can create a manifest.json file and some test files:
{
"files": [
"test_first.py",
"test_second.py"
]
}
# content of test_first.py
from __future__ import annotations
def test_1():
pass
# content of test_second.py
from __future__ import annotations
def test_2():
pass
# content of test_third.py
from __future__ import annotations
def test_3():
pass
An you can now execute the test specification:
customdirectory $ pytest
=========================== test session starts ============================
platform linux -- Python 3.x.y, pytest-8.x.y, pluggy-1.x.y
rootdir: /home/sweet/project/customdirectory
configfile: pytest.ini
collected 2 items
tests/test_first.py . [ 50%]
tests/test_second.py . [100%]
============================ 2 passed in 0.12s =============================
Notice how test_three.py was not executed, because it is not listed in the manifest.
You can verify that your custom collector appears in the collection tree:
customdirectory $ pytest --collect-only
=========================== test session starts ============================
platform linux -- Python 3.x.y, pytest-8.x.y, pluggy-1.x.y
rootdir: /home/sweet/project/customdirectory
configfile: pytest.ini
collected 2 items
<Dir customdirectory>
<ManifestDirectory tests>
<Module test_first.py>
<Function test_1>
<Module test_second.py>
<Function test_2>
======================== 2 tests collected in 0.12s ========================