2 GIS#

GIS

GIS 一词通常指地理信息系统，即用于存储、处理和显示地理空间数据的复杂计算机系统。GIS 也可用于指代更通用的地理信息科学，即围绕 GIS 系统使用的科学。

在本章中，我们将讨论：

  • 您必须熟悉的核心 GIS 概念：位置、距离、单位、投影、基准、坐标系和形状

  • 处理地理空间数据时可能遇到的一些主要数据格式

  • 直接处理地理空间数据所涉及的一些过程

The term GIS generally refers to Geographical Information Systems, which are complex computer systems for storing, manipulating, and displaying geospatial data. GIS can also be used to refer to the more general Geographic Information Sciences, which is the science surrounding the use of GIS systems.

In this chapter we will look at:

  • The central GIS concepts you will have to become familiar with: location, distance, units, projections, datums, coordinate systems, and shapes

  • Some of the major data formats you are likely to encounter when working with geospatial data

  • Some of the processes involved in working directly with geospatial data

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